Fall Migration Increases Bird Flu Risks for Poultry Owners

By Andi Anderson

As the fall season arrives, vibrant autumn colors also bring increased risks for poultry producers and backyard bird owners. With migratory birds returning south, the chances of avian influenza (bird flu) outbreaks rise sharply, especially from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains.

Since the nationwide outbreak began in early 2022, most HPAI cases have been linked to migratory wild birds such as ducks and geese. These species can carry the virus without appearing sick but transmit it to domestic poultry through contaminated water, feed, equipment, or clothing.

In large commercial operations, HPAI can spread rapidly due to close housing conditions. Once detected, entire flocks must be humanely euthanized to prevent the virus from spreading to nearby farms. Quick reporting and biosecurity vigilance are essential for disease control.

According to USDA-APHIS, more than 1,700 HPAI outbreaks have occurred across all 50 states and Puerto Rico since 2022. Michigan alone confirmed three commercial outbreaks and eight backyard cases in 2025, following a record 2024 season that affected 31 dairy herds and 11 poultry farms.

While avian influenza can infect humans, the CDC reports that the risk to the general public remains low. Most of the 70 U.S. human cases to date involved mild symptoms after direct contact with infected animals. Properly cooked poultry, eggs, and pasteurized milk remain safe to eat.

To reduce infection risks, poultry owners should strengthen biosecurity practices, including:

• Preventing wild bird access to coops and water sources.
• Cleaning and disinfecting equipment regularly.
• Wearing clean clothing and footwear on farms.
• Limiting visitor access and keeping detailed visitor logs.
• Isolating new birds for at least 14 days.

Farmers with 25 or more birds can request a free on-farm biosecurity assessment through Michigan State University Extension by contacting czerni10@msu.edu or 517-432-5402.

If two or more birds die within 24 hours or show symptoms such as nasal discharge, swelling, or sudden death, owners should report suspected HPAI cases to the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) at 800-292-3939 (daytime) or 517-373-0440 (after hours).

By staying alert and following preventive measures, poultry owners can protect their flocks — and help safeguard Michigan’s poultry industry this fall.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-wikoski