Michigan Orchards Gain Support from Kestrels

By Andi Anderson

Cherry growers in northern Michigan are finding an unexpected helper in their orchards. New research shows that the American kestrel, the smallest falcon in the United States, can protect cherry crops while also supporting food safety. The findings come from a Michigan State University study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.

American kestrels naturally prey on insects, mice and small birds. When they patrol orchards, they scare away cherry-eating birds like robins, grackles and starlings. These birds damage fruit and leave droppings that may contain harmful bacteria. Growers often try nets, noise devices and scarecrows to keep birds away, but these tools are costly and do not always work. Bird damage still causes major losses in states such as Michigan, Washington, California and Oregon.

To test a natural alternative, researchers placed nest boxes in eight sweet cherry orchards. Kestrels quickly moved in, especially since they prefer tree cavities and sheltered spaces for raising chicks. As harvest approached, the team monitored bird activity and found that orchards with kestrel nests had far fewer fruit-eating birds. The likelihood of cherry damage decreased more than tenfold.

The research also highlighted food safety benefits. Trees closer to kestrel nest boxes had fewer bird droppings, with a three-fold reduction overall. DNA tests showed that 10% of the droppings contained Campylobacter, a bacteria linked to foodborne illness. While no outbreaks have ever been connected to cherries, reducing contamination risk is important for growers and consumers.

Researchers noted that kestrels alone cannot solve all bird problems, and they may be more common in some regions than others. However, they offer a low-cost, low-maintenance option for growers looking to improve fruit quality and orchard hygiene. The study also suggests kestrels might help protect other crops where bird droppings are a concern, including leafy greens.

By welcoming kestrels into orchards, farmers gain a natural ally that supports healthier crops and safer food.

Photo Credit: pixabay-couleur