Managing Crop Residue Effectively in Farming Systems

By Andi Anderson

In February 2026, Michigan State University Extension, along with the MSU Center for Regenerative Agriculture, organized a webinar series focused on regenerative farming. The sessions brought together farmers, educators, and landowners to share knowledge and explore better farming practices that support soil health and long-term sustainability.

The series introduced six key principles of regenerative agriculture. These include maintaining living roots, reducing soil disturbance, increasing plant diversity, integrating livestock, and adapting practices based on farm conditions. One key message was clear: “regenerative agriculture is not ‘one size fits all.’” Each farm has unique conditions such as soil type, climate, and crops, which influence decisions.

Crop residue, which includes plant remains after harvest, plays an important role in regenerative farming. It helps protect the soil, improves water retention, and adds organic matter. However, it also brings challenges. In regions with cool and wet conditions, heavy residue can slow soil warming and delay seed growth. It may also affect seed placement and increase pest risks such as slugs and rodents.

Marc Hasenick, a farmer from Hasenick Brother Farmers in Springport, Michigan, shared his experience of shifting to no-till and cover crop farming. He emphasized timing as an important factor. He explained that planting works best when fields are either fully green or fully brown. He also highlighted the importance of proper planter setup to manage residue efficiently while protecting soil quality.

Research insights from Brooke Wilke, Associate Director of Research at the Kellogg Biological Station, also showed that residue can both help and challenge crop production. While it improves soil structure and reduces erosion, it can affect seed placement and increase pest activity. However, using practices like encouraging beneficial insects and maintaining cover crops can reduce these risks.

Experts recommend several strategies for managing residue effectively. These include evenly spreading residue, adjusting equipment, timing cover crop termination properly, and staying flexible with changing conditions.

Photo Credit: michigan-state-university-msu-extension