Rubber Mats Improve Cattle Welfare and Performance in Slatted Feedlots

By Andi Anderson

Covered slatted floor feedlot facilities are widely used in the Great Lakes region and parts of the Northern Plains. These systems offer important advantages, including protection from extreme weather conditions such as cold temperatures and heavy snowfall.

Reducing weather-related stress helps cattle stay within their thermal comfort zone, lowering energy use for maintenance and improving feed efficiency and weight gain.

Slatted floor facilities also allow producers to house cattle at higher stocking densities than traditional solid floor systems. Because cattle require less space per animal, less land is needed to produce the same amount of beef. Cattle housed in these systems walk less, which further conserves energy that can be directed toward growth. Manure management is another benefit, as waste falls through the slats into a storage pit, helping reduce nutrient runoff concerns.

Despite these advantages, concrete slatted floors have been associated with higher risks of injury and lameness. To address this concern, researchers have evaluated the use of rubber slatted mats placed over concrete floors.

Studies conducted since 2015 in Ireland, Italy, and the United States show that rubber mats generally improve average daily gain, particularly in heavier finishing cattle.

Across multiple studies, finishing cattle experienced an average gain improvement of nearly five percent compared with concrete slats, while lighter growing cattle showed little difference.

Research also indicates improved mobility and welfare for cattle raised on rubber mats. Cattle tend to lie down more comfortably, stand up more easily, and show fewer signs of joint inflammation.

Several United States studies reported significant reductions in lameness scores, fewer cattle removed from pens, and lower morbidity and mortality rates when rubber mats were used.

Results vary depending on cattle weight, facility design, climate, and the type and age of rubber mats. Newer mats provide better cushioning and traction, while older mats may lose effectiveness over time.

Studies also show mixed results regarding hide cleanliness, suggesting mat texture and drainage play important roles.

Rubber mats improve comfort, mobility, and performance in slatted floor feedlots, especially for heavy finishing cattle. While producers must consider installation and replacement costs, research demonstrates that improved welfare and productivity can outweigh these expenses. Rubber mats represent a practical tool for enhancing cattle health, reducing lameness, and supporting efficient, sustainable beef production.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-baranozdemir