Wheat is a staple crop with its planting time being crucial for optimal yield. In an ideal scenario, planting should occur shortly after the Hessian fly-free date, ensuring that seedlings emerge within two weeks after this date.
However, sometimes circumstances make early planting impossible. This article discusses management considerations for late-planted wheat, emphasizing planting date, seeding rate and depth, planting methods, and other important factors to maximize yield potential.
Late Planting Date: Late planting of wheat can lead to yield losses, although the extent varies from year to year. A study conducted over three growing seasons showed that planting in mid-October resulted in a yield decline of 14-20%, with greater declines observed for later planting dates. For instance, yield decline after mid-October ranged from 33-46% in the last two seasons.
Therefore, it's crucial to aim for earlier planting to achieve optimal yields. Seeding Rate and Depth: The recommended seeding rate for wheat ranges from 1.0 to 1.8 million seeds per acre. When planting within a week of the Hessian fly-free date, opt for lower seeding rates to prevent overly thick stands that can promote disease and lodging. As planting progresses into late October, increase seeding rates to at least 1.6 million seeds per acre.
Planting at shallower depths (around 1 inch or less) promotes quicker emergence and tillering. In cases of late November planting, seedlings may not emerge until the following spring.
Planting Method: Broadcast incorporation of wheat seed, using an air seeder mounted on high-speed tillage equipment, has gained popularity. This method allows for faster planting and can produce yields comparable to traditional drilling, even under delayed planting conditions.
Aerial seeding into standing bean crops is another option to plant wheat earlier. However, success rates can vary, and timing is critical. Consider the risks and costs associated with aerial seeding compared to other methods. Other Considerations:
• Fungicide seed treatments can protect late-planted wheat seeds from soil-borne diseases due to slower emergence in cooler temperatures.
• Apply approximately 20 pounds per acre of nitrogen fertilizer in the fall for late-planted wheat to support tiller development during an extended fall season.
• Starter fertilizer should contain the appropriate amount of phosphorus based on soil test levels. Research shows that starter phosphorus benefits late planting but has more significant benefits for early planting.
Late planting of wheat presents challenges, but with careful management, it's still possible to achieve respectable yields. Focus on planting as early as conditions allow, adjust seeding rates and depths accordingly, and consider alternative planting methods if necessary. Additionally, apply appropriate fertilizers and protect seeds from soil-borne diseases to maximize the potential of late-planted wheat crops.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-milos-cirkovic
Categories: Michigan, Crops, Wheat